The discovery will force scientists to rethink their understanding of Nature's laws. "It varies by only a tiny amount - about one part in 100,000 - over most of the observable universe, but it's possible that much larger variations could occur beyond our observable horizon," Mr King said. Looking to the north with Keck we see, on average, a smaller alpha in distant galaxies, but when looking south with the VLT we see a larger alpha." "The Keck telescopes and the VLT are in different hemispheres - they look in different directions through the universe. Mr Julian King from the University of New South Wales explained how, after combining the two sets of measurements, the new result 'struck' them. The researchers' conclusions are based on new measurements taken with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile, along with their previous measurements from the world's largest optical telescopes at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii. "If our results are correct, clearly we shall need new physical theories to satisfactorily describe them." If the laws of physics turn out to be merely 'local by-laws', it might be that whilst our observable part of the universe favours the existence of life and human beings, other far more distant regions may exist where different laws preclude the formation of life, at least as we know it." "The implications for our current understanding of science are profound.
"After measuring alpha in around 300 distant galaxies, a consistency emerged: this magic number, which tells us the strength of electromagnetism, is not the same everywhere as it is here on Earth, and seems to vary continuously along a preferred axis through the universe," Professor John Webb from the University of New South Wales said. Instead, this 'magic number' known as the fine-structure constant - 'alpha' for short - appears to vary throughout the universe. The report describes how one of the supposed fundamental constants of Nature appears not to be constant after all. A preliminary version of the paper is currently under peer review. The team - from the University of New South Wales, Swinburne University of Technology and the University of Cambridge - has submitted a report of the discovery for publication in the journal Physical Review Letters.
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